Project

Athens, Greece, home to Olympus, is a peaceful place filled with wisdom and strength. Wisdom, according to the late Socrates, was rare to find in this city. The politicians, artisans, and poets, believed they knew the most wise things in life, and yet when refuted by Socrates, shown to be unwise in what they knew, they took him to court. Socrates when he was seventy was condemned to death, but he was not afraid (Plato 80 29a). The reason for this is seen within his defense speech as he begins to discuss the concept of death and how fearing that which is unknown, is assuming you’re wise and that you know what is going to happen (Plato 80 29a). Plato’s Apology digs deep into the stories behind what death may be, and how Socrates addresses it within his defensive speech.

After the condemning of his actions based on the charges of piety and corruption, Socrates is found guilty overall. In the last part of his speech he claims that by putting him to death by his accusers that voted against him, they will in turn suffer more than Socrates will (Plato 92 38c). By having said that, it is as though he is still trying to persuade the jury to change their minds of their votes. Cursing them in this manner adds stress and worries to the accusers and might be a strategy for Socrates to break down their mental state. He does not say that the rest in the jury will suffer although some may have been accusers themselves and changed thoughts to rather having him be acquitted. In this way Socrates seems to not care if they accused him in the first place, but whether he was able to change their minds with his rhetoric and irony to confuse them. Confusing the jury and making them rethink what was actually being told is just one of the strategies Socrates used. He does a phenomenal job at pushing his arguments into their mind.

Following the subtle threat that is made after the voting, Socrates begins to compare death and villainy based on their speed of action altering his story by claiming there’s a punishment to which he finds darker. He says that he is slow and will be caught by death, which is slow as well (Plato 93 39a-b). However, Socrates states that villainy is much faster than death and so are his accusers. In that way, he deems that they will be caught by villainy and evilness because the accusers are clever and fast (Plato 93 39a-b). Living a life that is not an honest one according to this old man will only result in defeat. A human being will not be able to escape death, but it is easier to escape death than it is a life of villainy (Plato 93 39a-b). Socrates does not wish to beg for his life in the courtroom, as the accusers might expect. He says that to do so is shameful (Plato 93 38e) and he will stand his ground than to play with worry of what might happen. Socrates does know death is expected for him in this court trial because he speaks in the manner with which he believes is virtuous. He says that death is unseen and unknown, yet it can also be believed that he wants to die and that he looks forward to it. As Socrates speaks about the people who have died and now remain in the afterlife, he becomes excited mentioning Minos, Rhadamanthys, Aeacus, Triptolemus and other demi-gods (Plato 95 41a). Even more so, he then begins to mention the men such as Orpheus and Homer (Plato 96 41b) because he knows that most Athenians are familiar with both of them and are marveled at their works. Socrates states that he would want to die many times if he were able to have the chance of speaking to and refuting such wise men as them (Plato 96 41b). Although, he says such things, he states them for a reason. Socrates mentions that Palamedes and Telemonian Ajax died of unjust causes, similar to how he feels about the trial (Plato 96 41b-c). This is a sneaky way of him to insert his belief that his accusers, the jury, are all unfair. Ajax committed suicide after the armor of Achilles was given to Odysseus rather than to him. He fell upon his sword out of grief and anger, similar to Achilles killing Hector out of the same emotions.
Socrates wants to hint to the jury that they are making an unfair choice by condemning him to death with mentioning Ajax. Yet another reason for mentioning those, whom he might meet in Hades, is for Socrates to compare these heroic figures loved by the Athenians, to his accusers. He indifferently admits that Odysseus and others in the afterlife would more than likely not throw a fit if Socrates were to refute them and strike up a conversation (Plato 96 41c).

They would be more than welcome to discuss their histories and to answer his questions, because they are immortal and content in that manner (Plato 96 41c).The great philosopher, Socrates, would not see death in the same way the Athenians did. He would not acknowledge that Hades was real and the dead were there, or that it was evil beyond anyone’s imagination. Although this was the case, he took great interest in wondering if stories had been true about death, then he would be able to meet many of the “wise” honored men. He begins his analysis of death by threatening and cursing his accusers for not going his way, to suffer for this decision and by the end, he is asking the Athenians to do him a favor. This favor was to punish his three sons, in the same manner that the jury has punished Socrates (Plato 97 41e). He wants his sons to focus on good value and if they drift from it and are more content with money and power, he wants them to be refuted and pained for straying. The virtuous life is the life their father lived; he knows that being concerned with politics and money will only mature his children into Athenians who believe they are wise, but are not. Therefore, to have them refuted when Socrates cannot do so himself, is how he wants his sons to learn. Socrates changes to be content with his fate to die, and assumes that this is the best thing for those who have opened their minds to the unknown, rather than assuming you’re wise. Fatality is unseen and has no concrete answer for anyone. It is an adventure to Socrates, and a chance to examine the death because the unexamined life is not worth living (Plato 92 38a).







References:
• Commentary on Plato's, Apology of Socrates
• http://www.friesian.com/apology.htm
• Plato 80 29a
• Plato 92 38c
• Plato 93 39a-b
• Plato 93 38e
• Plato 95 41a

Airline Survey

The pie charts shows the results of an airline survey in 2002 of economy class and business passengers, the numbers include the percentage of male or female passengers, now I will talk about that.


In the economy class the features which are popular are movies with 9 percent for female and 7 percent for males. After that the food and drinks, females have 21 percent and males 19 percent. Third, there are two similar features which are space and service. In the business class, the movies are 9 percent for females which is similar to the economy class but for males it’s reduced to 3 percent. But food and drink the males have the high percentage with 24% and females with 20 percent; the services and space are similar too for both males and females.


In conclusion, the space between the two classes became smaller and smaller because the service in economic class is getting better.

Mass Media

Nowadays, mass media, including television, radio and newspapers, affect us by having a great in fluencies in shaping people’s ideas. This has happened because of the modern ways and the high technology in the search for knowledge. I will write my ideas and knowledge for this argument.


First of all ,lets see our normal life ; we will find a great development in the technology .
This make us search and find the knowledge easily.
Also it increases the numbers of resources so the in formation will be more accurate.
Yet another point is that people nowadays look for fast resources.


However, there are some people who still use the old ways to find information.
But there are some people trying to find new and easier ways such as Google, SMS and
the internet newspaper .


In conclusion, I think that mass media including TV, radio and newspapers have a big good effect on people’s thinking.

Argument: an educated reader

Nowadays many people choose to continue in colleges and universities after the high school. That is the reason for the increasing number of colleges and universities. I will write my point of view concerning what is going on in this issue.

However, a few people still think that higher studies are not important. They think that study is wasting time and money. Those people choose work to earn money instead of studying. They’re thinking about the present, not the future.

On the other hand, there are many people who believe that completing studies is useful. They believe that if they graduate they will have a big opportunity to have knowledge that will change their mind and they will be educated. Another reason is that they will be useful for their countries and to improve their countries.

This argument is very clear to choose the right decision. In my opinion to continue education is the best thing to do.

Number of fishermen in different regions

The graph and table show the number of fishermen in millions for different regions in 1970, 1980 and 2000. Also the table shows the world’s top ten exporters of fish in 2000.

In 1970 Africa and Europe had the highest number of fishermen which is 12 million each. 7 million were from South America which is in the middle and the lowest in North America with 5 million only. In 1980, the number of fishermen in Asia and North America increased to 14 and 15 million, whereas Africa and Europe who had the highest number in 1970 are decreased to 9 and 8 million. South America stayed unchanged in the number. In 2000, the highest number was in Asia with 26 million, and Africa was the lowest with 3 million only. However, for the world’s top ten exporters of fish in 2000, the number 1 was Thailand in Asia. In the middle was Denmark in Europe and bottom in the table was South Korea in Asia.

From 1970 to 2000 the number of fishermen didn’t change in South America but it increased a lot in Asia.

Information society in 1999\2000

The table and the bar charts show the information society in 1999\2000 in millions.

The table shows in 1999 the number of PC’s was 141 million in USA which is the highest. On mobile phones the EU-15 has the highest number with 147 million. The number of internet hosts was the highest in the USA in 2000 with 65.9 million, whereas the internet users in the USA are 154 million. Figure 1 shows the proportion of people using a personal computer by percent. Sweden has the highest with 67% and the EU-15 average is in the middle with 35%. The lowest country was Greece with 15% only. The last figure shows the proportion of people using the internet by percent in 1999. Sweden was the highest percentage again with 55%. And the lowest was Greece with 5%. The EU-15 was in the middle of the figure with 14%.

However, USA had the highest number in table. In the 2 figures, the highest was Sweden.

Move to New Countries

Nowadays people move from country to country more than before. There are many reasons to move to other countries such as better job and studies.

However many challenges will face those people. The first problem is that
they live in a different society and different culture. Whereas people there think
another way. Another problem is the different first languge. For example if the Arab
people travel to France they have to learn French. Third, he will be away from his family and friends. There is also another problem which is the food. Every culture has
it own way to cook their special food. Also it will affect the financial budget because
of the chauges from low to high cost.

However there are many strategies people can use to face the challenge. With the Internet it’s easy to research about something you need. Another strategy is that people can communicate with their families and friends by using the mobile phone or by the internet with some programs like skype. The last strategy is
that people can improve their language very easily by doing some courses in school for example.

Those challenges are difficult to face but people can learn many things from it.